定语从句(the Attributive/Relative/Adjective Clause)是高中英语学习的主要语法项目之一，在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及。它的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个难点，也是历年高考的热点。笔者根据多年的语法教学实践归纳出以下简易口诀，希冀对2013届考生学习掌握定语从句的用法有所帮助。
◆ 一个定义：
在复合句中相当于一个“形容词”，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容的从句。
★ 复合句 = 主句 + 定语从句
↓ ↓
先行词 关系词
★限制性定语从句（修饰限制、无逗号）；非限制性定语从句（附加说明、常有逗号隔开）
◆ 二类关系词：（共9个）
①关系代词（指物which、指人who/whom、既指物又指人that/whose/as）
②关系副词（指时间when、地点where、原因why）
◆ 三项作用：
①连接作用 ②替代作用 ③成分作用
◆ 四个核心考点：
① which/that/as
★常见句型：such/so/as/the same…as…;as is known to all; as anybody can see; as is often the case; as is mentioned above; as is reported in the newspaper; as we had expected等。
② who/whom/whose
★whose+n.=the+n.+of which/whom 或of which/whom +the+n.
③ when/where/why/the way(in which/that)
★注意一些抽象化的先行词：situation/point/case/condition/stage/activity/job/game/race/…+where…;occasion/interval/age/…+
when…
④ 介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.
★ 介词选择“三原则”：先行词的习惯搭配；从句中动词、形容词的习惯搭配；综合考虑。
★ All/both/none/neither/some/any/most/half/each/many/…+ of which/whom…
◆ 五种成分：关系词可以在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语或状语。
◆ 六种特殊情况：
① 当先行词是不定代词all, few, little, none, nothing, anything, everything, much等，定语从句的关系代词要用that；
② 当先行词被all, any, little, few, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰，定语从句的关系代词要用that；
③ 当先行词是最高级、序数词或被它们修饰，定语从句的关系代词要用that；
④ 当先行词既有人又有物，定语从句的关系代词要用that；
⑤ 当引导非限制性定语从句，指物或指代前面整个句子的内容，定语从句的关系代词要用which；
⑥ 放在介词后面指物时，定语从句的关系代词要用which。
◆ 七个易混点：
① 定语从句 VS 强调句型
It was Nov.11,2011 when they got married.（定语从句）
It was on Nov.11,2011 that they got married.（强调句型）
② 定语从句 VS 名词性从句
The fact that he told us is very surprising.（定语从句）
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.（同位语从句）
③ 定语从句 VS 并列句
Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.（定语从句）
Jim passed the driving test, and it/this/that surprised everybody in the office.（并列句）
I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came.（并列句）
I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, neither of whom came.（定语从句）
They will fly to Kunming, where they will stay for two or three days.（定语从句）
They will fly to Kunming, and there they will stay for two or three days.（并列句）
④ 定语从句 VS 状语从句
She is such a good teacher as we all respect.（定语从句）
She is such a good teacher that we all respect her.（状语从句）
⑤ 关系代词as / which指代整个主句时的用法区别。
As is well-known to us all, smoking is harmful to our health.
It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.
⑥ One of… / the (only)one of…作先行词时，从句主谓一致问题。
He is one of the boys who have passed the exam.
He is the (only)one of the boys who has passed the exam.
⑦ The reason / the way等作先行词时，从句引导词的选择问题。
The way (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.（作宾语）
The way (that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was quite simple.（作状语）
◆ 八字口诀：一看（先行词），二析（从句成分），三思（特殊情况），四选（关系词）
★速判关系代词或关系副词的关键是把先行词放到从句中，看它在从句中所作的成分。
【高考真题训练】
1.（2012全国II,8）That evening, ________I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
2.（2012江西卷，28）By 16:30, ________was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which B. when C. what D .that
3.（2012天津卷,7）I wish to thank Professor Smith, without________ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. who D. which
4.（2012山东卷，23） Maria has written two novels, both of ________have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
5.（2012四川卷,13）In our class there are 46 students, ________ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
6.（2012陕西卷,14）It is the third time that she has won the race, ________has surprised us all.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
7.（2012北京卷,26）When deeply absorbed in work, ________he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
8.（2012安徽卷，29）A lot of language learning, ________has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. this
9.（2012福建卷，23） The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
10.（2012江苏卷,22） After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
11.（2012浙江卷,17） Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ________, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
12.（2012浙江卷,9）We live in an age________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
13.（2012重庆卷,29）Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as important as sales
A. which B. that C. when D. where
【参考答案】
1-5 BABCC 6-10 CBACB 11-13 BBD